war world 2 :: essays research papers

Pre WWII Questions Philosophy a lot of thoughts mirroring the social needs and goals of an individual, gathering, class, or framework Quick assault a quick unexpected military hostile, ordinarily by consolidated air and versatile land powers Populace Citizens considered as a gathering Incendiary One who advocates or is viewed as pushing disruption Protect To cause to be in a withdrawn or disengaged position Noninterference A national approach of avoiding political or financial relations with different nations Ambushed To encompass with troops, blockade Vile Suggesting or compromising fiendishness 1. Germany facilitated the 1936 Summer Olympics. How did Hitler utilize the 1936 Olympics to advance his Nazi Party? He utilized them to show the world how incredible Germany after the downturn. He additionally needed to show the German individuals how the various nations were jealous of them. 2. American Jesse Owens’ staggering triumph in the 100 meter race incensed Hitler. How did the triumph break the Nazi publicity about Aryan matchless quality? It was an absolute shame to Hitler. By an American winning the race it demonstrated that Aryans weren’t the best and it rankled Hitler. 3. FDR was an ace of the media. How could he utilize the media to do fight in the Great Depression? FDR utilized the still picture to impact America. He sent photographic artists the nation over to take pictures of basic conventional individuals. Others see these photos and start to comprehend that everybody around the nation resembles them. This assists individuals with joining since they understand they are for the most part indistinguishable and it additionally changes the manner in which individuals take a gander at life. 4. How did Hitler use promulgation and the media to accomplish his ideal objectives? Hitler ensures everybody has a radio, if individuals couldn’t bear the cost of a radio Hitler got them one. He put radios on tall shafts in the avenues so everybody could hear his messages. So as to result his messages being heard he just had one radio broadcast in the entirety of Germany, which was his guaranteeing individuals just heard one message and before long became impacted. war world 2 :: expositions research papers Pre WWII Questions Philosophy a lot of thoughts mirroring the social needs and desires of an individual, gathering, class, or framework Lightning war a quick abrupt military hostile, generally by consolidated air and versatile land powers Populace Citizens considered as a gathering Rebellious One who advocates or is viewed as supporting disruption Protect To cause to be in a confined or disconnected position Nonintervention A national arrangement of going without political or financial relations with different nations Ambushed To encompass with troops, attack Vile Suggesting or undermining fiendish 1. Germany facilitated the 1936 Summer Olympics. How did Hitler utilize the 1936 Olympics to advance his Nazi Party? He utilized them to show the world how extraordinary Germany after the downturn. He additionally needed to show the German individuals how the various nations were desirous of them. 2. American Jesse Owens’ shocking triumph in the 100 meter race maddened Hitler. How did the triumph break the Nazi publicity about Aryan matchless quality? It was an all out shame to Hitler. By an American winning the race it demonstrated that Aryans weren’t the best and it rankled Hitler. 3. FDR was an ace of the media. How could he utilize the media to do fight in the Great Depression? FDR utilized the still picture to impact America. He sent picture takers the nation over to take pictures of regular conventional individuals. Others see these photos and start to comprehend that everybody around the nation resembles them. This assists individuals with joining since they understand they are on the whole indistinguishable and it likewise changes the manner in which individuals take a gander at life. 4. How did Hitler use purposeful publicity and the media to accomplish his ideal objectives? Hitler ensures everybody has a radio, if individuals couldn’t bear the cost of a radio Hitler got them one. He put radios on tall posts in the roads so everybody could hear his messages. So as to result his messages being heard he just had one radio broadcast in the entirety of Germany, which was his guaranteeing individuals just heard one message and before long became impacted.

Unregistered Designs Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Unregistered Designs Rights - Essay Example Unregistered Designs Rights Unregistered structure right are rights that are utilized to forestall unapproved duplicating of unique plans. There are two sorts of such rights that is, the one that manages English rule4s while different arrangements Community unregistered plan that covers European Community. These rights exist together yet now and again vary from one another where a few structures can be ensured by the two rights relying upon the current issues. Fisher characterizes a plan as an item as per its shape or either ornamentation. Meaning of a plan shifts among various sorts of lawful insurance. It identifies with specialized standards of its activity and development UK UDR specifies that the proprietor of the privilege be given the privilege against unapproved duplicating of their structure. The proprietor additionally has the option to forestall unapproved managing by importation, deal, and ownership. It doesn't include any conventional enlistment since it appears naturally when it has been made. Configuration rights for the most part ensure the presence of an item yet not how it functions or its development .However in the event that items are obvious in ordinary utilization of the said item they can be secured. Unregistered structure rights secures against duplicating of the first plan. The EU part of the privilege lapses in three years from first exposure that is done openly. The UK insurance anyway keeps going longer than this.

How a Toxic Work Environment Affects Mental Health

How a Toxic Work Environment Affects Mental Health Stress Management Job Stress Print How a Toxic Work Environment Affects Your Mental Health By Allison Abrams, LCSW-R facebook twitter linkedin Allison Abrams, LCSW-R, is a licensed psychotherapist, mental health advocate, and author covering relationships, mindfulness, and self-care. Learn about our editorial policy Allison Abrams, LCSW-R Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 10, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD Updated on January 17, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Antonio Guillem /Getty Images Not only is incivility in the workplace on the rise, but according to a recent study, it is compromising one of our most critical assetsâ€"our mental health.?? The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, looked at the correlation between toxicity in the workplace and symptoms of insomnia, a common symptom of clinical depression.?? They wanted to know how, or via which mechanism, incivility in the workplace negatively affected employees sleep quality, as there has been limited research into this factor. What Is Workplace Incivility? Workplace civility, as described by McKinsey and Company, is “the accumulation of thoughtless actions that leave employees feeling disrespectedâ€"intentionally ignored, undermined by colleagues, or publicly belittled by an insensitive manager.”?? It has also been defined as “low-intensity deviant behavior with ambiguous intent to harm the target, in violation of workplace norms for mutual respect. Why Quality of Sleep Matters Sleep  is a critical factor in our overall well-being, including our work performance. It has long been established that poor quality of sleep has significant implications for both our physical and psychological well-being. For example, insufficient sleep increases a persons risk of developing serious medical conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.?? Additionally, lack of sleep over time has been  associated with a shortened lifespan.?? Effects of Negative Rumination In examining the indirect effects of workplace incivility on symptoms of insomnia and thus overall health, the determining mechanism was found to be negative rumination, or the mentally replaying of an event or disturbing interaction with a co-worker long after the workday has ended. Workplace toxicity leads to adverse effects in  part  by stimulating people to ruminate on their negative  work experiences. according to the authors. Negative rumination  represents an active cognitive preoccupation with work events, either in an attempt to solve work problems or anticipate future work problems.?? Given that most of us spend the better part of our days and our energy at work, increasing hostility in the workplace doesn’t bode well for our emotional or physical well-being. Research over the past 20 years has  associated toxic work environments with increased depression, substance use, and health issues among employees.?? Further research has shown that organizations are suffering as well. Some of these adverse effects include  decreased productivity, lower levels of employee commitment and increased turnover.?? Coping Techniques to Reduce Effects of Workplace Incivility The good news is that sufficient recovery or coping techniques may be able to mitigate the negative effects of a toxic work environment on employee well-being.  In particular, relaxation and psychological detachment. The ability to psychologically detach from work during non-work hours and relaxation were shown to be the two mitigating factors that determined how workers were affected or not by a negative work environment. Employees who were better able to detach psychologically are able to relax after work and sleep better even in the face of workplace incivility.?? Below are descriptions of these recovery experiences and how they were shown to reduce the negative effects and enable  employees to thrive in the most toxic of work environments. Psychological Detachment Psychological detachment represents an avoidance of work-related thoughts, actions or emotions. Some of the items used in the study to measure employees levels of psychological detachment in the evenings including the following: “I didn’t think about work at all” and “I distanced myself from my work.” Those who were able to detach themselves mentally from this cycle  do not suffer as much sleep disruption as those who are less capable of detachment.?? Detachment can be fostered through a variety of specific activities, including exercise. Planning future events such as vacations or weekend outings with family or friends are examples of positive distractions outside of work. Relaxation It should come as no surprise that prioritizing work-life balance was shown to be another effective buffer against the detrimental effects of workplace incivility. Relaxation has long been associated with fewer health complaints and less exhaustion and need for recovery. As hypothesized by the authors of the study, relaxation during non-work time served  as an important moderator of the relationship between negative work rumination and insomnia symptoms. Additionally, it has been identified as a moderator between work characteristics and occupational well-being, between time demands and exhaustion, and between job insecurity and the need for recovery from work.?? Relaxation provides an opportunity for individuals to halt work-related demands, which is critical for restoring individuals to their pre-stressor state. Some activities outside of the office that can foster recovery include  volunteering, meditation, taking a walk, listening to music, and spending time with friends and other positive social supports. How Organizations Can Address Workplace Incivility   Based on the results of the study, the authors suggest the following interventions that companies can address to reduce workplace incivility.?? Raise awarenessEnsure protection for employeesEnsure accountabilityTrain and model appropriate behaviorTrain supervisors on aggression-prevention behaviors  Improve emotional resilience skillsOffer  training on recovery from work,  mindfulness practices, emotional/social intelligence skills A Word From Verywell You may not be able to control certain events during work hours or the characteristics of your  workplace environment. However,  what you do have control over is how you choose to cope. Most importantly, finding time to relax, spending time with friends and family, and engaging in activities that will shift your focus away from work during non-work hours. If you find that you are still experiencing distressful symptoms and that they are interfering with your functioning, it may be a good idea to speak to a therapist who can help you learn additional strategies for coping. If despite having done all you can still nothing has changed, it might be time to consider the possibility of removing yourself from the toxic environment and looking for a new, more fulfilling and less distressful job. Your health may depend on it. What Are Your Rights When Youre Depressed?

Bureaucracy A Perfect And Flawless Form Of Organization

In principle adopted by Max Weber, bureaucracy was supposed to be a perfect and flawless form of organization, but with its development it becomes more and more dysfunctional. To finish the consderations about bureaucracy, its influence on the human and its relevance in today’s world it’s worth to present what Raelin thought about this issue. According to him, the usability of bureaucracy and formalization is dependent on the organisational culture. He tried to prove that bureaucracy as a system itself is neutral, that the only factor that can make it become dysfunctional or effective is organisational culture. He based his work on observations of the organisational cultures amongst attorneys. in some of the offices bureaucracy was seen as something very positive and in the other ones proceduralization has lead to discouragement and loss of motivation. There are no clear criterias to be able to foresee when the negative effects of the bureaucracy will appear . Looking a t Raelin’s research one can see that bureaucracy can lead to dysfunction, but not always. Bureaucratic system is believed to be the oldest organisational system known to human. Undoubtedly it had a big influence on the civilisation, without it probably the cities would not have been established, would not have developed as qucikly as they did. Bureaucracy is still relevant in everyday’s life, it is present in the multinational companies, governments, army etc.. In summary, bureaucracy often leads toShow MoreRelatedClassical And Human Relations Approaches3534 Words   |  15 Pagesmodern world and his heritage is visible in many modern management techniques like operation research, method study, time management, systematic study of work and workers, management by exceptions etc. Taylor felt that the ideal condition for an organization to flourish is to work like machines without flexibility, creativity and originality. He proposed four principles of scientific manageme nt giving prime importance to scientific methods and means of performing a job assigned. He also argued thatRead More Industrial Psychology Essay8415 Words   |  34 Pagesorganizational psychology. Traditionally, industrial psychologists have assessed differences among individual workers and have evaluated individual jobs. Organizational psychologists generally seek to understand how workers function in an organization, and how the organization functions in society. The distinctions between industrial psychology and organizational psychology are not always clear. Thus, the two areas are often referred to jointly as industrial/organizational psychology, or I/O psychologyRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Customer Satisfaction Essay10154 Words   |  41 Pagesdoes NOT show this feature (dysfunctional question). 4. By combining the answers all attributes can be classified into the six factors. Customer Expectations Customer is defined as anyone who receives that which is produced by the individual or organization that has value. Customer expectations are continuously increasing. Brand loyalty is a thing of the past. Customers seek out products and producers that are best able to satisfy their requirements. A product does not need to be rated highest byRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesPRACTICES ........................................................... 237 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE ACTIVITY TYPOLOGY............................................................ 239 CLASSIFYING HUMAN RESOURCE TYPES................. 245 NETWORK ORGANIZATIONS AND STRATEGY .......... 252 vi STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Table of Contents ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING ................................ 254 INTEGRATION OF STRATEGY AND HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING .....................................Read MoreBorland Software Corporation-goodwill and other intangible assets16413 Words   |  66 Pagessummarized in Exhibit 2.1. The Form 10-K is a filing that includes audited annual financial statements and management discussion and analysis. The Form 10-Q is filed on a quarterly basis and contains quarterly financial statements and management discussion and analysis. The Form 20-F is an annual filing by foreign issuers of financial securities. This report reconciles reports that were prepared using non-U.S. GAAP to reports prepared using U.S. GAAP. The Form 8-K is a report of current activitiesRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure [9.1Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesrights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper SaddleRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesCopyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic , mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization

Essay about Math and Criminal Justice - 693 Words

Math and Criminal Justice Danielle DeCook MM150-66 Survey of Mathematics Instructor Lisa James July 8, 2010 A Career in the Criminal Justice Field There are so many career options in the Criminal Justice field I have not been able to decide exactly what I want to do yet but I am very interested in possibly becoming a Criminologist. While doing my research I have seen that Math is used in every aspect of Criminal Justice from law enforcement using math to work car accidents, drug raids, crime scenes, and sometimes just using math to figure up crime statistics in their area. A Criminologist will use statistical principles such as probability in criminal profiling, which is a way they attempt to put together a profile†¦show more content†¦(GRAPH OF FINDINGS OF NEXT PAGE REPRESSENTED BY FIG. 1) (Fig. 1) Once we looked at the information obtained it was hard to say for sure whether or not the nurse had anything to do with spike in deaths on the shifts she was present for. My superiors wanted to know if the number of deaths occurred while the nurse was working was so unlikely that is could be a mere coincidence. So I reviewed an 18 month period of time and figured up deaths on shifts she worked and the death on shifts she did not. (Represented by fig.2). (Fig. 2) If the deaths are assumed to have happened randomly these numbers suggest that the probability of a death on any one shift is 98 deaths out of 1322 patients or .074. Looking at just the shifts that the nurse was working there were 276. If the nurse was killing the patients we would expect there would be around .074 x 276 = 20.4 deaths on her shifts, around 20-21 deaths. To be exact she had a total of 52 deaths on her shifts. When looking at the facts the probability of there being 52 deaths out of the total of 98 deaths there is less than a 1 in a million. So in other words the nurses shift was not just unlucky for patients. This is how I would use math in my field one day. IShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : School, Middle School And High School870 Words   |  4 Pageshistory, math, English, science, and social science course. By the time high school comes around students have already learned the same things again but only this time it is harder and more in depth. Colle ge becomes a time that a student really begins to learn about what they want to do with the rest of their lives. When applying to college, applicants don’t apply to learn math, English, history, and science. They apply to learn just math, English, Art, Business, Biology, Chemistry, Criminal JusticeRead Moreunit 2 : job exploration Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesDescription Skills Required (list at least five skills, three of which are specific skills in the field of criminal justice). Why are the skills listed needed to succeed in the position? 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Why are the minds of criminals so hardRead MoreRestorative Justice Is A Cost Effective Way Of Dealing With Crimes Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is an option to the formal criminal justice system which emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior. It can build the criminal law’s moral reliability and validity, which in turn will give the law the ability to gain compliance 377 (Elias., 2016). Although Restorative Justice has many benefits, it is not for everyone in every circumstance. In this research paper, I will be arguing that restorative justice is a cost-effective way of dealing with crimesRead MoreJuvenile Crime Law Is A Subcategory Of Juvenile Law937 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough a type of criminal law, juvenile crime law only deals with under-age individuals, who are treated very differently than adults in criminal law, and usually have their own courts of law (Juvenile Criminal Law, n.d.). 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Some people have argued that the only way to deal with the overloads is to provide more money to the criminal justice systems so that everyone involved will be able to do the required tasks and in so doing reduce the number of cases while scholars think that the onlyRead MoreManagement and National Service Training1620 Words   |  7 PagesSubject description | Units | Grade | Instructor |    | Semester 1 |    |    |    | Eng 111 | Effective reading, writing and listening skills/study and thinking skills | 3 |    |    | Fil 111 | Sining ng pakikipagtalastasan | 3 |    |    | Math 111 | Basic math algebra | 3 |    |    | Com 111 | Basic computer (i.t) | 3 |    |    | Soc. 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Students learn how to educate, supervise, guide and coach students in a various of general subject areas like math, English and social sciences. Students take classes in cultural diversity, educational technology, child development, childhood literacy, curriculum development and special and exceptional children. After graduate, students will understand the mental

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Free Essays

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Tanahya Young XCOM/285 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION 3/3/2013 ALISA JACKSON Communicating on the Job The communication involvement daily is a valued part of my process to complete the details of duties outline in my position description. I am required to listen to the spoke and unspoken during interactions with clients. My organization requires that myself and team members have efficient communication with each other and the clients that require our professional assistance. We will write a custom essay sample on Week 1 Business Trends Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The communication with in the office must stay a flow along with all lines of the process. There is an immediate demand for effective communication from the processing department, to the office and directly to the client themselves. Management with Communication Technology maintains and organizes my daily activities. Technology advancements provide instant communication with the click of a button. I use several computer software databases daily to access much needed information. Moreover, technology makes communications across the globe seem much closer. Instant communication access assists daily with contacting others with in the organization in other locations especially since many are in other locations. Almost all office employees are expected to know how to navigate through the Web and to use word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software. Trends in Business Communication Keeping a look out for trends in business in my organization is a way of supplying efficient customer service. When there is a trend identified the communication factor is a must to get the message out. The next line of business once a trend has been identified is to define and map out a plan for resolving the issue. Identifying trends and solving the issue of the trend is a team effort. There is involvement with revealing where the issue evolved from and all of the subject matter that created the issue. Then there is a process of elimination with every team member’s input on their take of the trend where email, Same Time communications and direct letters to clientele for notification. How to cite Week 1 Business Trends Assignment, Essay examples

Sex Education in Malaysia free essay sample

Nowadays, there are many social problems related to teenagers in our country especially baby dumping. The government had announced that the way to overcome this problem is sex education should be taught to children at their early age. However, on my point of view children are too young to learn sex education and teachers are not confident in teaching sex education. Firstly, children are too young to learn sex education. This is because at the early age, children are eager to try new things and get new experiences. Therefore, when they learn sex education, it will make them to practice it and lead them to have early intercourse. Furthermore ,children also known as bad decision makers. This is because children are too young and immature, therefore they do not know to differentiate the goods and bad for them. When, they learn sex education, they will exposed to a new environment which they do not have any boundary to discuss about sex without knowing the negative or positive effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Education in Malaysia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In conclusion, the idea of sex education be taught to children at their early age should be abolished because children are immature and bad decision makers. Secondly, the idea of sex education should be abolished because teachers are not confident in teaching sex education. This is because teachers have acknowledged the lack of formal training in teaching sex education. Therefore, teachers have difficulties to teach students and it is also will make students less understand the subject which will give many negative effects than positive effects. In addition, sex education contains sensitive issues and this will make teachers difficult to give full explanation about the subject. Therefore, students will become more confused easily. It is because, the teachers do not know the best explanation to make students understand better. In conclusion, the idea of sex education should be abolished because teachers are not well prepared to teach the subject. In conclusion, the idea of sex education be taught to children at their early age should be abolished as it gives many negative effects. Therefore, parents should instill their children with greater Islamic values.

Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas

Background, products/services, and markets Tico Mas is a fast-food organisation that operates in the American market. Its first store opened in California in 2010.Today, it has 15 more stores in different states within the US. The organisation offers products such as vegetable salads, beef hamburgers, fruit juices, coffee, ice creams, French fries, chicken hamburgers, and pizza. It now mainly focuses on the American markets, although the company plans to expand into international markets in its effort to increase profitability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, it is considering targeting the Asian markets in the future. Although the business is predominantly a product-based organisation, customer services are considered an important aspect of enhancing future growth. In the fast-food sector, issues such as the rate of serving custo mers and effective management of employees-customer relations are all important aspects of service delivery, which the management believes Tico Mas can use in building its long-term competitive advantage not only in the American markets, but also in other anticipated global markets. Role of strategic marketing As Tico Mas manager, I have the responsibility of leading work teams to achieve the organisation’s short-term and long-term growth strategies. To help in building organisational success, strategic marketing is incredibly important. What role can it play at Tico Mas? Tico Mas must apply effective strategic marketing efforts to remain relevant and/or gain market share that can enable it to break even. The objective of any company is to deliver values to its owners (Kotler Armstrong 2008). For Tico Mas, this value is expressed in terms of its returns on investments. With the increasing concerns about the role of organisations in delivering value to not only the owners, bu t also other stakeholders who have vested interests in the performance of an organisation as Kotler and Armstrong (2008) confirm, Tico Mas deploys principles of strategic marketing to portray itself as a business that engages in activities in a socially responsible manner. Strategic marketing entails a group of continuous activities and comprehensive processes that organisations use to systematise and align resources. Activities in strategic marketing are aligned with the organisation’s mission, vision, and plans (Dess, Lumpkin Taylor 2005). Through strategic marketing, Tico Mas acquires a mechanism for changing static plans into strategic performance outcomes that help it to initiate key decisions and/or enable business strategies to gradually develop as change opportunities. Indeed, strategic marketing provides avenues for probable organisational growth by creating an effective mechanism for analysing Tico Mas’ strategic goals, which include its vision, mission, and objectives alongside the analysis of the organisation’s internal and external environment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategic marketing determines the success of Tico Mas since it provides a potential way of aligning the organisation’s marketing plans with strategies for gaining a competitive advantage. Various strategies can be used in gaining a competitive advantage. These strategies include pursuing the low-cost scheme to help in driving success for an organisation and conducting extensive promotion of products to win customer confidence (Dess, Lumpkin Taylor 2005). Cost drop focuses on reducing the charges for various products and services in the industries. It aims at increasing profit while at the same time reducing the operational costs. Process of implementing a strategic marketing strategy With the knowledge on where to market and/or how to do marketing, the next important issue in strategic marketing for Tico Mas is the development of a mechanism for putting marketing strategic plans in place. Implementation of marketing strategic plans at the organisation has five steps. The first step is the evaluation of the plans to eliminate any unrealistic elements, the likely excessive cost, and the implementation time. The second step entails setting the vision for implementation of the plan. This step also involves setting goals such that the organisation can know whether the plan is effective if the goals are attained. The third step is the setting of a team to implement the plan. The team must understand the goals and the inevitability of the plans. The fourth step involves setting and scheduling various group meetings that are aimed at discussing the plan implementation progress. The fifth step entails bringing all management executives on board to help in analysing the progress and achievement of the marketing plans. This p rocedure ensures that they also become part of the plan. Hence, if problems arise, brainstorming can be initiated to help in their (problem) alleviation. The Link between Marketing and Corporate Strategy Corporate level strategies aim at examining what an organisation does together with its command decisions. These decisions include determining whether a business establishment deserves to diversify into new regions, developing partnerships with other rival companies, and/or abandoning certain product lines to focus on the most profitable ones (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2013). Marketing ensures that the concern of corporate strategies is achieved by developing appropriate plans for positioning and attracting customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tico Mas’ long-term marketing strategy outlines its growth and increased performance int ention within a specified time. The organisation has a variety of corporate-level strategies to assist in its continued growth. It focuses on staying in a single activity in the industry with the chief purpose of creating a competitive position. Marketing ensures the attraction of customers so that an organisation can gain a competitive advantage through increased sales and profitability. Thus, through marketing, Tico Mas can establish a strong worldwide brand image and loyalty. As a corporate strategy, Tico Mas can focus on vertical integration. This technique aids in reducing costs via provision of methodologies that uphold forward integration, establishment of allotment channels, and the checking of input and outputs. In this process, marketing plays a significant role in ensuring communication of the organisation’s products to target customers so that the distribution channels can increase the company’s efficiency in supplies. Theories in Strategic Marketing Planni ng Strategic marketers deploy different models of marketing planning. The 3Cs framework aids in developing a detailed approval of issues in the strategic operational setting. The marketing mix positioning is perhaps well explained through Ansoff’s matrix model. When pursuing a given marketing plan, the 4Ps model aids in developing a clear understanding of the market targeting strategy (Shaw 2012). In determining the long-term implications of altering any element of the 4Ps, customers-lifetime-value model helps to visualise the changes. It is also important to access the market in which an organisation sells its products and services during marketing planning. In this extent, PESTLE and SWOT analysis models are important (Shaw 2012). Tico Mas deploys 4Ps and PESTLE models in marketing planning. Tico Mas targets markets after considering the PESTLE approach for analysis of the market dynamics. However, based on the 4Ps, namely product, place, price, and promotion model, before conducting the PESTLE approach for analysing markets, the organisation has developed criteria for selecting the location of its stores in the effort to ensure easy positioning. First, the most appropriate location is the one that does not have large fast-food outlets within a radius of a minimum of 1 Kilometre. A large amount of space should also be available at low cost. The regulations and laws that govern the operation of large and medium enterprises should also be developer-friendly. In the promotion process, new and traditional media platforms are deployed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More PESTLE is the acronym for political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that influence a marketing planning strategy (Gerry, Kevan Whittington 2005). For Tico Mas, the political environment influences the operations of the company via taxing policies since the company must pay charges in the form of taxes to the nations wherever the company has established stores and franchises. The management must also comply with environmental regulations, tariffs, and employment laws that have been established within the US. From the perspective of economic factors, Tico Mas’ operational economic environment is characterised by rapidly fluctuating customer tastes and preferences, which influence its financial performance in terms of increased costs of running business. Social factors act as incredible success elements that influence Tico Mas because customers are concerned with safety standards of the foods that the organisation offers. Hence, enhancing hygi ene and safety standards of all foods that are offered for sale at Tico Mas helps in retaining and attracting new clients. People who have a first-time experience with the company always send an impressive message to other potential clients. Technologically, Tico Mas plans to deploy the internet to accomplish tasks such as making it possible for customers to make price comparisons of various fast-food alternatives from other organisations in the industry. Through the power of the internet in enhancing quick communication, technology is also important in helping to send promotional materials through blogs and direct interaction with customers on social media. However, it also poses challenges in case negative profiling is sent through the same media. In fact, it takes a long time to remove a bad image concerning an organisation’s products than to create positive images of the same (Dess, Lumpkin Taylor 2005). Tico Mas is also incredibly concerned with its environmental impact s. Fast foods are packaged. The manner of disposing packaging materials has become an issue of concern to the company. It determines whether the company is environmentally conscious or not. Indeed, waste disposal is an important issue to Tico Mas because organisations are required by law to put in place strategies for proper waste disposal as the world endeavours to become environmentally green. This expectation is true in the US and even in other parts of the world where the company plans to open outlets. How Tico Mas implements its Strategic Positioning Tico Mas implements its strategic marketing positioning by offering low-cost and healthy products. Indeed, the offered products have low calories. Hence, they are easily marketed since they meet the growing trend for healthy eating in a bid to avoid challenges such as obesity and its associated diseases that include hypertension. While marketing the products this way, Tico Mas believes that it has an opportunity for building a bran d and its assets and liabilities based on healthy foods. It believes that while large competing corporations such as McDonald’s are attempting to change their brand images from that of unhealthy to healthy foods, Tico Mas stands a better opportunity for building a good brand image right from the beginning. Relationship Promotion and Success of the Activities One of the critical challenges in marketing entails getting and keeping clientele to make repeated sales. Relationship marketing helps in resolving this challenge. It entails marketing efforts that are aimed at fostering customer retention and satisfaction, rather than focusing mainly on sales transactions (Mukherjee 2007). For Tico Mas, customer retention is incredibly important in driving its success. Its slogan is ‘come once and you will be guaranteed to come back again.’ To actualise this slogan, building and maintaining customer relationships is incredibly important. Relationship marketing finds far-fetc hed applications in the organisation. Tico Mas recognises the value of customers in building long-term business relationships. It appreciates that customer communication needs to extend beyond advertising and sales promotions. Employees are required to maintain positive customer relationships since they (workers) act as the point of contact between Tico Mas and its customers. Thus, employees are critical to enhancing the success of relationship marketing activities in the organisation. Customer satisfaction also encompasses another important aspect of successful relationship marketing. Tico Mas’ customers can always consider eating elsewhere. Hence, without their satisfaction, attracting repeated sales to help in establishing the relationship during the first purchase is problematic. Growth Opportunity The American market is saturated with fast-food organisations. However, Tico Mas still has a growth opportunity by expanding into international markets. However, this opportuni ty makes the organisation susceptible to varying cultural influences. Therefore, the strategy also calls for product diversification to meet the cultural needs of different people in the global fast-food markets. Strategies such as promotion and positioning of various products, especially in the Asian market, are an important aspect of an internationalisation approach for the organisation. Introduction of chicken burgers, rather than offering beef burgers, followed by their promotion in the Chinese and Indian bazaars can be an incredible source of growth. This diversification counters cultural influences in the new international market. Chinese and Indian people prefer chicken to beef (Goldman, Santos Tully 2008). Evaluating the preferences of other international fast-food markets can reveal a different cultural preference. Through its creative and innovative team for new products design, Tico Mas can develop appropriate products to meet the specific needs of the new markets. Suita ble Marketing Strategy for the Chosen Market Tico Mas can pursue different marketing strategies. However, as noted before, it will be pursuing the low-price strategy in the effort to gain competitive advantage. Nevertheless, this task should be done during the first five years of operation, particularly in India and China where competition is anticipated to be less as compared to the US. Building customer relationships constitutes the key marketing strategy that will help in building a long-term positive brand image. Before any attempt is made to place a promotion on any media platform, effort should be made to clear any negative profiling of the fast food in the news media, including social media. In this effort, Tico Mas deploys the strategy of providing information that not all fast foods have the claimed negative implication on the health of their consumers by ensuring that people who use new media are one of the target audiences of Tico Mas communication strategies. The interne t is deployed as the main media for communication. Online communication strategy for Tico Mas can be realised through a myriad of modalities. These modalities are driven by two main objectives. The first objective is to establish a two-way form of conversation between the organisation and its potential customers. The second objective include the provision of well thought and implementable details that relate to the measures taken by Tico Mas to ensure that the company adapts to the new markets and that it can secure a quantifiable market share. Appropriate Strategic Marketing Objective for the New Market and Marketing Mix The objective of strategic marketing for Tico Mas is to derive strategies that can make it gain competitive advantage in relation to other organisations that operate in the fast-food industry. In this endeavour, the strategy for Tico Mas in the Asian market is to focus on price, products, place, and promotion, or simply the 4Ps of the marketing mix, to survive. Usi ng the 4Ps appropriately ensures that it remains significant in a highly competitive market environment. Marketing Strategy Based on Marketing Mix Variables Marketing mix encompasses different choices that organisations make to ensure that their products or services are availed to the market at the right price and using the appropriate promotional strategies (Kotler Armstrong 2008). Marketing mix for Tico Mas products in the Asian market (India and China) involves four mains aspects, which include position, charges, advertising, and merchandise. Products for the market should be designed to meet the emerging consumer needs, especially with higher concerns of healthy eating as a targeting strategy. Introducing products that meet the definition of healthy foods is instrumental in enhancing the success of Tico Mas, considering that high-calorie foods are linked to obesity and its associated ailments such as hypertension. The company’s stores form the place of sale of the produc ts. This place is justified by the fact that healthy eating is an issue of global concern. The company also needs to ensure that the offered products and services in all stores are consistent. A failure to achieve this goal can erode the brand positioning strategy (healthy and low-cost food). In most instances, Tico Mas potential customers receive information about the need to stop consuming fast foods from the internet and social media. Consequently, this platform is one of the promotional media tools that the company should consider. In fact, through these media platforms, it is also possible to reach a large number of people globally with minimal expenditure of Tico Mas’ financial resources, especially when social media is adopted. Customers share promotional information among themselves. Point-of-sale promotion is also an additional cost-effective promotional technique that is consistent with relationship marketing approaches that the company deploys. Changes in the Exter nal Environment The fast-food industry is rapidly changing with more emphasis on the need to develop healthier products. Since its inception, Tico Mas business model has been based on providing an alternative to people who do not wish to carry homemade foods in their workplaces or people who wish to eat out. Unfortunately, the external environment has incredibly changed since nutritionists and other health practitioners are instructing people to avoid fast foods due to their association with preventable health problems such as obesity and hypertension. This change influences the company’s marketing strategy. Consumers may attribute the low-price strategy to poor quality and unhealthiness of Tico Mas products. The main challenge is how to create a perception that Tico Mas’ operations in the fast-food industry do not mean that it offers unhealthy food products. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Current Marketing Strategy The current marketing strategy aims at creating more awareness of the organisation’s products to make more sales in the US market. One of the strengths of the current strategy is that the company is recording increasing growth in the domestic market. The situation has resulted in a growing brand image. Therefore, inclusion of new healthy products is a further indication of Tico Mas’ flexibility to meet the needs of its customers. Many people also regard the organisation as offering hygienically prepared products. Therefore, customers are not expected to question the hygienic and quality aspects of its foods, including potential additions to the product line. Amid the strengths of the current marketing strategy, the technique has some has weakness. Weakness or limitations are the characteristics of a marketing strategy that places an organisation at a disadvantaged position in comparison with other organisations in the same industry (Kotler Armstrong 2008). One of the subtle weaknesses of Tico Mas current marketing stra tegy is attributed to the fact that the company declines offering food services at discounted rates for first-time customers. This situation hinders the success of an attempt to establish initial positive relationships by showing regard to its first timers. The company also witnesses intensive competition from other fast-food providers such as Starbucks and McDonald’s among many others. These organisations have a large market share. This case makes Tico Mas suffer from advantages that are associated with large economies of scale such as offering products and services at low prices to the extent of breaking even and/or operating within the profitability range of cost versus quantity curve. Therefore, although the low-cost strategy is a marketing strategy, it presents the weakness of the likelihood of the failure to break even by selling fewer products. Key Emerging Themes In any marketing strategy, factors or elements that hinder the success of the developed marketing planning strategies (barriers) are inevitable. Menon (1999, p. 31) identifies marketing planning barriers such as ‘inadequate management support, failure to coordinate and comply with plans, and failure to understand the customer needs’. In the effort to ensure that the marketing planning that an organisation adopts is effective in realising its objectives, the business also attempts to overcome barriers such as improper communication management, inability to manage change properly, and incapacity to make an accurate prediction of the environmental responses towards the enacted marketing planning strategies. For the success of Tico Mas marketing strategy, the company needs to respond to potential barriers quickly and ardently. Responding to the above emerging themes can be done by formulating and implementing an evaluation programme for the marketing strategy. This way, it becomes possible to identify barriers to effective marketing in good time and take measures to overcome th em. For instance, overcoming poor communication can be effected through the enactment of effective communication processes. This step entails scrapping one-way bureaucratic communication process, which characterises Tico Mas, and adopting the two-way communication method. In the two-way communication process, information flows from the top to down and then down to the top so that the top-most communication personnel can identify the effectiveness of the communication strategies within an organisation. Where miscommunication occurs, effective strategies to correct the misunderstandings, which might have negative implications for the brand image, should be sought. References Dess, G, Lumpkin, G Taylor, M 2005, Strategic Management, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, NY. Gerry, J, Kevan, S Whittington, R 2005, Exploring corporate strategy: text and cases, Prentice Hall, London. Goldman, E, Santos, T Tully, S 2008, Observation of leadership and organisational behaviour at McDonald’s , . Hitt, M, Ireland, R Hoskisson, R 2013, Strategic management: Concepts and cases: Competitiveness and globalisation, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Kotler, P Armstrong G, 2008, Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, NJ. Menon, A 1999, ‘Antecedents and Consequences of Marketing Strategy Making,’ Journal of Marketing, vol. 63 no. 2, pp. 18–40. Mukherjee, K 2007, Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Approach to Marketing, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. Shaw, E 2012, ‘Marketing strategy: From the origin of the concept to the development of a conceptual framework’, Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, vol. 4 no. 1, pp. 30–55. This essay on Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas was written and submitted by user Nathalie Mercado to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Penang Island As A Popular Tourist Destination Tourism Essay Essays

Penang Island As A Popular Tourist Destination Tourism Essay Essays Penang Island As A Popular Tourist Destination Tourism Essay Essay Penang Island As A Popular Tourist Destination Tourism Essay Essay Penang Island or besides known by the name of Pearl of the Orient is a little island located in the north-western seashore of Peninsular Malaysia covering 285 sq Km and besides a narrow strip consisting 760 sq kilometer over on the mainland known as Seberang Perai. . Besides known to be a thaw pot for civilization and faith, Penang has a estimated population of about 1 million with a healthy mix of all major races in Malaysia with the Malays 32 % , the Chinese 59 % and the Indians 7 % . With the different civilizations and faith Penang is rich in heritage and civilization which undertakings as a kaleidoscope of festivals and a assortment of jubilations throughout the twelvemonth ( travelmasti,2011 ) . This makes Penang one of the most visited provinces in Malaysia as a touristry musca volitanss. Tourism is considered one of the chief mechanism that drives the economic system and delivery in better outputs for the province. The history of Penang backdates to every bit early as the sixteenth century where Lusitanian bargainers sailing from Goa, India to the Far East in hunt for spices every bit good as to refill their supply of nutrient and H2O to go on their journey. They so named the island Pulo Pinaom which translates as Betel Nut Island. This is because of the abundant supply of areca nut thenar trees available. These trees are called Pinang by the local Malays ( Tourism Penang, 2010 ) . It was during the eighteenth century, when the British took involvement in the island to serve them as a port for ship fixs and a good beginning of supply to spice and opium that was considered a moneymaking and valuable trade at that clip. Penang, whose originally was under the Sultanate of Kedah was so offered by the Sultan of Kedah to the British in exchange for protection against their enemy but did non have any understanding by the higher-ups in the East India Company. However, on 11th August 1876, Captain Francis Light in order to procure Penang Island as port for the British, made an understanding with the Sultan of Kedah by holding to offer protection to Kedah against their enemy without the consent of the company therefore doing the understanding nothing. In 1781, a pact was signed between the Sultan of Kedah and British whereby, an honorarium of 6000 Spanish dollars per annum will be paid to the Sultan which subsequently changed to 10000 Spanish dollars in exchange for the island which was subsequently renamed as the Prince of Wales Island. This sum is still paid by the Malaysia Federal Government boulder clay today. One of the chief heritage sites in Penang today is the Fort Cornwallis as it is the site where the Union Jack was raised. The first township was established nearby called Georgetown. Georgetown was chiefly made up of four chief streets that existed till today such as Beach Street, Light Street, Pitt Street now known as Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling and in conclusion, Chulia Street ( Malayan Explorer, 2008 ) . Achieving UNESCO Heritage Status Finally, on 7th July 2008, after 12 long old ages of appraisal after using, Penang Island has eventually achieved its acknowledgment as one of the UNESCO Heritage Status together with the province of Malacca where its singularity in architectural and cultural landscape in it towns makes it so particular compared to any other topographic points ( Malayan Explorer, 2008 ) The rubric has enabled the province to advance to utilize it as a new stigmatization while hiking the touristry industry and the province s economic system. In the twelvemonth of 2008, Penang has experienced a good twelvemonth as the province managed to convey in a entire sum of 6.3 million tourer based on hotel beginnings excepting tourer that arrive by arrive by sails and those remaining friends and household compared to the twelvemonth before with a entire figure of 5.2 million tourer in the old twelvemonth ( Penangtourism,2009 ) .This position has enabled Penang to pull enthusiastic travellers around the universe by giving them an new option of finish to see. The acknowledgment of UNESCO Heritage position is an international recognition that highlights the planetary significance of that peculiar country. This is a symbol of honor Penang and great privilege that will able to lend to its societal and economic sector. With the great impact that the position is able to present, to be able to be listed in the World Heritage List is hence, really selective. Achieving this acknowledgment is non a one away award as there are guidelines and duties that have to be followed from clip to clip in order to keep the position as it can be revoked. Penang has pass a sum of 12 old ages in order to accomplish this acknowledgment which both clip consuming and dearly-won to keep preservation of the sites this the committedness and duty to keep this position should non be handled lightly ( Penang Tourism, 2009 ) . 1.3. Contributions By carry oning this survey, the Penang touristry board will be able to it mensurate the involvement and tendencies of travellers that are fast altering as clip base on ballss. Demands to see and larn more about heritage sites are increasing as consciousness and grasp for these sites are instilled into the younger coevals which are inherited by the older coevals. These heritages are rich with the roots of civilization and the accomplishments that contribute to what Penang is today. With the universe economic down, catastrophe, clime and possible dainties like terrorist act people are exchanging their traveling options to cheaper, safer the offers an equal value for money touristry musca volitanss which enhance the shifting of tendencies towards touristry heritage. This is because touristry has ever been one of the most resilient industries in the universe despite any given state of affairss ( Koehl,2002 ) . With the excess stigmatization heritage position, this offers the best chance that offers Penang an excess border to hike and maximise the benefits to hike its economic system in footings of gross and employment. ( Imons, et al.n.d ) . With the given chance and resources that is available, it is besides reflects importance of the cooperation and private and authorities organisations that cooperate with each other in order to duplicate the attempt to maximise the benefits for both parties. This is because there is a positive relationship between province, touristry industry, locals and tourer. Problem Statement The attempt to achieve the UNESCO Heritage Site position was non easy obtained within a short period of clip but has gone through a series of application and besides a rigorous scrutinizing rating procedure which takes up to 12 old ages of With the part in income and benefits that Penang is able to bring forth from position of UNESCO Heritage Site, there are several job statement such as, is Penang able to keep the position of its trump card in the long tally as this position can be revoked if non decently maintained harmonizing to the standards and demand set by the organisation itself so that a clear line could be adhered to avoid unwanted development in the nucleus zones within the heritage enclaves. ( Penang Economic Monthly,2009 ) Cooperation between the province authorities and the touristry board has to be synchronized and decently planned is of import to guarantee that development program for the province does non collide with the conditions and guidelines drafted by UNESCO in order to avoid the heritage position from being revoked. Proper financess need to be allocated in so that care and Restoration occupations can be executed from clip to clip as Restoration procedure in for these heritage edifices require particular labour accomplishments that non many is able to execute and different sort of stuffs in order to continue the original manner of the edifices. This will ensue in a higher cost to keep them therefore doing fund a critical portion in keeping this position Research Question The research inquiry for this research is as follows: 1. Which are the chief positions that play the chief function in pulling tourer to see Penang? 2. What are the current involvement that tourer are looking for? 3. Are the events organized and held interesting and enlightening plenty for the tourer? 4. How is the quality of services offered by staffs in the topographic points of attractive force that are visited? 5. Are the circuit bundles offered plenty to carry through the demands of the tourer? 6. What is the satisfaction degree of tourer towards the heritage sites in Penang? 7. Was Penang able to present and offer a money fulfilling trip to its tourer? Chapter 2 Literature reappraisal As one of the new approaching heritage touristry sites, armed with the profusion and singularity of its ain heritage compared to other topographic points in the universe, Penang has all the chance and resources to advance and market its touristry industry globally but in order to win, it is of import to connote an effectual economic model for any determination devising procedure that is able to assist the province authorities in planning and execution. This is of import as each determination varies as each touristry sector differs from one another every bit good as the impact of it that reflects otherwise on the civilization, people and the economic system of the topographic point. Therefore, a suggestion in extensions of micro economic theoretical accounts such as ecological economic sciences is extremely encouraged to provide to the changeless alterations in tendencies of tourist demand towards a finish and to enable a certain tourer topographic point to keep a sustainable market d emand that is important to in hiking the economic system ( Tourism and Hospitality Research,2010 ) . Tourism is ever considered an industry that can be easy affected by a incidents go oning around it such as terrorist act, epidermis dainties, natural catastrophe and many more but has ever maintain as one of the strongest industry that brings in a major function of maintaining the gross coming in. This is because, tendencies and penchant may alter from clip to clip but non reduced. Therefore, it is critical for Penang touristry to maintain path of the alterations in current tendencies and demand, acknowledge the chance and deduction to the province as a great competitory measure in keeping its sustainability ( Bailey,2010 ) However, by any agencies of advancing a certain heritage site as a touristry topographic point, there are besides concerns about the rushing up in impairment of the sites which means it clashes with the chief purpose UNESCO s mission to continue and conserve the heritage country that is considered a bequest that is handed down by past coevalss. This is an issue that is a immense concern as heritage sites are topographic points from the yesteryear that is unreplaceable and Restoration plants are dearly-won as it takes particular skilled labor and specific stuffs to keep its original construction and manner ( Harrison,2005 ) . Compared to the yesteryear, where heritage sites are seldom heard and received merely a little niche of demand my visitants, with the consciousness and wonder of travellers to derive cognition, heritages sites around the universe is fast deriving popularity therefore

Study case (Information Resources Management) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(Information Resources Management) - Case Study Example If we talk about the governance in any particular ministry or department then there is a need of achieving the efficiency in the processes. This efficiency can be achieved by implementing different technological tools and EA is at the top of list of those technological tools. If the Government or the CIO wants to make investment to increase the efficiency of the ministries then a better option is to develop the tradition of implementing the EA processes in them so that the investments can be fully utilized to achieve the greatest value. The suggestion of investing in the implementation of the technological tools and tactics is really a valuable option for the businesses. While implementing EA process within the departments, there is a need to develop an integral process of governance, therefore EA can be effective at its maximum (Grembergen 1). Architecture governance is really needed because it helps to manage and control all the processes and the activities throughout the enterprise. Many of the researchers define different aspects of the process of governance; if the enterprise fully implements all of these governance processes then it will be more effective and efficient from investment point of view. This may include corporate governance (which refers towards the streamline processes at the entire corporate level), technology governance (the advancement in the technological tools but according to proper resourcing) , IT governance (proper use of different software tools and databases )and architecture governance (whole ER processes). If all these governance processes are fully implemented in the EA system then it will be beneficial to get the m aximum of the efficiency of the EA system. The implementation of the EA processes can achieve the maximum of its efficiency in the capital planning process of the Government. The reason is

THE STOCK MARKET PART II (case) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE STOCK MARKET PART II (case) - Essay Example 85). Based on the three companies’ financial statements and historical data, the best company to invest in is Oracle. Oracle is the highest in terms of revenue growth, net income growth, net profit margin, growth rate and dividend growth (see figure 1). Compared to Darden and Sony, Oracle’s performance is more impressive, thus making it the best candidate that would be able to generate more income in the future. Based on stock price forecast for the next 12 months, Oracle will have a high estimate of $42.00 or +32.8% while its median price forecast will be $38.00 or +21.9%; however, the investment would be risky considering that the lowest forecast is $26.00 or a decreased of -17.8% (Oracle Corp., n.d.). Furthermore, it is expected that from 2008 to 2012, the annual growth of earnings per share will be 30.73% and the annual growth of sales will be 32.16%. On the other hand, Oracle’s financial ratios are above average for its industry such as the industry median for price/sales ratio (3.81), price/earnings ratio (14.25), and price/cash flow ratio (11.01) (see figure 2). Also, the current ratio and quick ratio of Oracle is high and this is a good sign that the company has the ability to meet and alleviate its short term obligations when they are due, thus the company is in good financial health. It also shows that Oracle is safe from liquidity problems and its position is much better compared to Darden and Sony. In addition, the stock P/E ratio of Oracle is traded at higher rate than the other two companies because its forecasted earnings growth is also high, making the investment more risky. However, â€Å"rational investors generally require riskier investments to offer higher returns than less risky investments† (Easterling, 2006, p. 82). The high net profit margin of the company implied that the business is doing well and that they have the capacity to control their expenses or liabilities in the company. Investing in Oracle

Critical Analysis Of Research Design And Data Collection Management Essay

Critical Analysis Of Research Design And Data Collection Management Essay The purpose of this assignment is to offer a critical analysis of the underpinning assumptions and research design and data collection strategies and the practice of academic research. Two research papers are chosen for the purpose of this analysis. The first paper is a quantitative study and the second paper is a qualitative study. They are as follows:- Shafer, W. E., Fukukawa, K. and Lee, G. M. (2007) Values and the perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility: The U.S. versus China, Journal of Business Ethics, 70 (3), pp. 265-284. Tsoi, J. (2007) Stakeholders perceptions and future scenarios to improve corporate social responsibility in Hong Kong and Mainland China, Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-14. The main reason for selecting these two papers is that they both report upon the area of corporate social responsibility, which is the focus of my PhD. Within the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR), there has been considerable research discussing the relationship between values and perception with the attitude/behaviour of businesses towards CSR. These values are considered quantifiable and thus have been measured quantitatively using scales developed by authors such as Forsyth (1980), Singhapakdi et al. (1996), and Vitell and Patwardhan (2008). Interviews have been used to bring forward the values that are deemed important by stakeholders, and were explored qualitatively by Fukukawa and Teramoto (2009), Siltaoja (2006), and Là ¤hdesmà ¤ki and Siltaoja (2009). The two papers selected both looked at cross-cultural values and perceptions, however, they utilise different methods of investigation. This difference could provide a good basis for comparison, in terms of philosophical assumptions, research design, and the method of data collection. The analyses will begin for each paper with an introduction of the research aims, followed by the epistemological and ontological position, the research design, followed by analysis of its research methodology, the alternative research design and lastly, conclusions from this discussion will be provided. Review of Quantitative Research paper 2.1 Research Objectives This study by Shafer, Fukukawa and Lee (2007) examined the values and the perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility on managers from China and the U.S. The authors used scales instruments to obtain quantitative data in order to make inferences on whether the managers nationality and personal values have effect on their ethical perception. The American and Chinese managers are assumed to differ in their personal values and subsequently this should be reflected from their responses to the Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility (PRESOR) scale. The authors provided the relevant background information and built up the reasoning for their hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that managers from China would believe less strongly than American managers in the importance of ethically and socially responsible conduct to achieve organisational success. The second hypothesis was that both American and Chinese managers personal values are believed to have significant impact on the responses to the scale. These hypotheses seem to correlate strongly with the research objectives which are to determine that there is variation in response due to cultural differences. 2.2 Epistemological and Ontological Assumptions It is likely that the authors based their research on moral philosophy which refers in particular to the principles of rules that people use to decide what is right or wrong (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell, 2005:19). This paper seems to indicate that the principles of rules of managers of different cultures are likely to differ and thus ethical decision-making would vary. The authors provided examples of other empirical research to support this notion. The assumption that personal values can influence ethical decisions shows that the research is likely to infer an ontological assumption of realist, whereby reality is seen to have an existence independent of the activities of the human observer (Blaikie, 2007:13). As the research strives to compare values and perceptions, these elements are thought to be measurable and quantifiable; seemingly leaning towards the empiricism position in which the key idea is that knowledge comes from observing the world (Blaikie, 2007:19). The authors e mployed deductive research whereby the hypotheses formed are tested to determine if the statements can be supported (Sekaran, 2003:31), which is a typical research approach of empiricists. Taking possibly the stance of positivists, these values are assumed measureable, and are thus thought to form the social reality that these values affect the perception of corporate social responsibility amongst the managers from these two countries. 2.3 Research Design The intention is to establish the differences in personal values, by using large quantities of data, which would be representative of the overall population of American and Chinese managers. This suggests that there are two assumptions, that values are measureable and that it is possible to generalise the population from the sample. In order to generalise, a considerably large amount of data is required, thus a survey research instrument was employed. The PRESOR scale developed by Singhapakdi et al. (1995) was used. The reasons that the PRESOR scale was chosen over the cultural dimensions formed by Hofstede (2001) were argued; examples of the latter in other research were shown to be inconsistent and inconclusive in its directional impact, thus making theoretical predictions difficult. The use of PRESOR scale in other research was exemplified and seemed to have established the reliability of its measurement. The PRESOR scale was explained further in the introduction of the paper. Thirteen out of sixteen original items were selected and the authors justified this by stating that only these thirteen items had significant factor loadings in the Singhapakdi, Scott and Franke (1999:25) study. These items were grouped into two categories; the Stockholder and the Stakeholder views. The Stakeholder View reflects the importance of ethics and social responsibility to organisational survival and success, whilst the Stockholder view indicates that organisational success depends on more than just profitability and obligations to the stockholders (Axinn et al., 2004:104) In the methodology section, the Schwartz value instrument and a demographic questionnaire were mentioned as being used together with the PRESOR scale. There was little mention of the reasons the Schwartz scale was used and how it was applied. It was only later in the appendix that the items considered in the Schwartz scale was provided in details. A clearer explanation could have improved the clarity of the paper. The research design employed the use of two research instruments (PRESOR scale and Schwartz value instrument) as means for data collection. The sample of practising managers from the two different countries was given the same survey to complete, thus the responses could be compared on that basis. The results from the analyses were then compared against the hypotheses formed, affirming or not affirming the hypotheses. This process is typical of the deductive approach (Blaikie, 2007:70). 2.4 Data Collection The sample consisted of 311 practising managers, enrolled part time in selective MBA programmes in the U.S. and China. The participation was voluntary and the scales were completed as an in-class exercise. The authors acknowledged potential problems from this sample selection. The first is that, although the MBA programmes in these two countries appear to be comparable, the sample may have confounded the effects of national differences and MBA programme differences. Secondly, the sample was not randomly selected as the authors had asked their students to complete the scales in-class. The authors did not provide further justification for these two problems and thus this is believed to have weakened the external validity of this investigation (Bryman and Bell, 2007:204). Aside from this comment from the authors, there was very little mention of the validity of the measurement which makes it difficult to make further discussion on this. The basis of their selectivity and the criteria in which these programmes were said to be comparable, were also not provided in details. The details of its comparability may have helped clarify and strengthen the validity of the selection criteria, as well as making the paper more understandable. Considering the objectives of the research, in which the authors seem to be looking at making generalisations on the affect of personal values, there is a need to collect large quantities of data. The survey method seems to be appropriate as surveys are easy to distribute to large number of people and costs can be kept to a minimum (Bryman and Bell, 2007:195). This relates to external validity, which is about generalisability of results beyond the focal study (Easterby-Smith et al., 2008:87). In this paper, external validity was not discussed; however, it is likely that the results are meant to be applicable for the context of China and the U.S. only. The authors stated the limitation of which the participants can not be assumed as representative of the broader populations of managers in these two countries, due to the fact that the MBA programmes were selective in nature. The research took consideration of the possibility that the age and experience differences of their sample might affect the results, and thus these factors were examined for significance. The scale was translated to Mandarin Chinese and later back-translated with resolution of discrepancies, to take account of the language difference. These examples seem to reflect on the effort of the authors in ensuring that the results are not significantly affected by other variables. In order to test the dimensionality of the PRESOR scale, a principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalisation was applied. This is typical of a quantitative study where factor analysis is usually applied as part of the research design. In terms of research replication, this research had provided considerable amount of information which would possibly allow other researchers to perform similar research. The items from the two views (Stockholder and Stakeholder) of the PRESOR scale were provided in details. In addition, the authors also mentioned the calculation method used, such as the use of mean values and the Univariate Analysis of Covariance models (ANCOVA). The only exception would probably be the PRESOR scale itself, whereby the questions that were asked and the choice answers were not explicitly given, which might mean that future researchers might find it difficult to replicate the research and might even have to approach the authors or Singhapakdi who developed the scale. 2.5 Alternative Method The authors mentioned that more in-depth examination using qualitative design of investigation such as interviews would perhaps be more revealing. It is agreed that qualitative measure would allow insights into the importance of ethics to managers, and the various ethical issues that managers prioritise. The researchers are more likely to obtain a richer data of the decision-making process of managers, at the same time; they would be able to achieve the research objectives. The researchers can make use of semi-structured type interview which will allow better control of what questions need to be asked, and to ensure that the objectives of the interview are achieved as well (Bryman and Bell, 2007:474), if time and costs are constraints. There are also other alternatives methods to obtain qualitative data that would have fit this research, such as the use of focus groups. Focus group interviews allow researchers to observe the behaviour of the American and Chinese managers as they interact with each other. It would be possible to see the differences in reaction to ethical issues much more clearly, when these managers are given, for example, the same ethical dilemma, and they are required to rationalise the problem and come up with solutions. This method might be more useful than questionnaire surveys, particularly in that the values of the American and Chinese managers could be brought out through the way they respond and react to ethical problems, the problem-rationalisation process, and the degree of attention paid on a particular problem. Similar to the interview method, this would be considerably more costly to conduct, and it might even be more costly than doing interviews, however, the researchers would gain no t only in achieving the research objectives but they would also attain a better understanding of the effects of personal values in ethical decision-making. However, if the goal was only to establish that perception of CSR differs between diverse cultures, the research design would have fit the purpose. This is because the data collection strategy used (questionnaire survey), allowed the authors to obtain considerably response for generalisation. A questionnaire survey would also have been more cost-efficient and less time consuming, especially for cross-cultural studies. Review of Qualitative Research paper 3.1 Research Objectives In this second paper, this qualitative study aims to make apparent the perceptions and views of the future scenarios from stakeholders within the garment industry in Hong Kong and Mainland China. The underlying intention was to seek consensus and common ground, on a local and regional level to help companies develop an appropriate CSR strategy, to improve the state of corporate social responsibility and in the long run, to achieve sustainability in the region. The main objective was stated as by engaging with major stakeholders, to identify the local and regional supply chain stakeholders perceptions and expectations (Tsoi, 2007:1). Typical of a qualitative study, generalisation is often not the objective of the study (Bryman and Bell, 2007:410). This is apparent from this study as the author had mentioned that the sample may not be sufficient for generalisation for the entire garment industry, however, it is relevant to garment businesses involved in export-orientated activities (Tsoi, 2007:1). Tsoi (2007) used an inductive approach to identify the perceptions of stakeholders by conducting interviews. 3.2 Epistemological and Ontological Assumptions Although the author did not indicate the philosophical assumptions behind this study, the author implied that by identifying the stakeholders perception, the findings would help in building consensus, strengthening the implementation, and establishing future CSR framework. This suggests that the author has an ontological position of constructionism, which asserts that social phenomena and their meanings are continually being accomplished by social actors, implying that there exists social interaction and that there is a constant state of revision of the social phenomena (Bryman and Bell, 2007:23). In this case study, the social reality of what is happening in the garment industry, in terms of its corporate social responsibility, is a social reality that was formed by the stakeholders. It suggests that the social phenomena (condition of CSR) can undergo changes, and that it is dependent on the activities of the social actors. The views of the social actors are thought to be indicative of the important issues in corporate social responsibility, within the garment industry. This form of research is consistent with the research paradigm of the interpretivist position, as the basis of the research is that the study of the phenomena requires an understanding of the social world that social actors have constructed and which they reproduced through their continuing activities (Blaikie, 2007:124). In this instance, the stakeholders are the social actors who will continually interpret and reinterpreting their social world which can be the garment industry. The social phenomenon that the author is investigating is the current state and the future of the corporate social responsibility in Hong Kong and Mainland China. The future conception of CSR in these two places is related to phenomenology, whereby, it concerns with the question of how individuals make sense of the world around them (Bryman and Bell, 2007:18). In this case, it can be viewed as the way stakeholders make sense of the state of corporate responsibility in the region. 3.3 Research Design The author relied on a qualitative method, specifically, the face-to-face semi-structured interview, which indicates the leanings of the author in conducting a naturalistic inquiry in real-world rather than experimental or manipulated settings (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003:4). For qualitative studies, semi-structured and unstructured interviews are commonly used as they provide rich, detailed answers and taps into the interviewees point of view (Bryman and Bell, 2007:474). As the focal source of data was the stakeholders themselves in this study, this seems to infer that the research design is based on the interpretivist view that the social phenomena can only be understood and be investigated from the inside (Blaikie, 2007:125). The author identified major stakeholders possibly with stakeholder theory, stating the assumption that multinationals see stakeholder consultation and management as an important communication tool in identifying and interpreting the needs of salient stakeholders and as such would enable the development of a common language for CSR and subsequently the development of proactive CSR strategies. This correlates with the stakeholder approach of Wheeler et al. (2003:19) who stated that value creation at the highest level requires an ability to build value-based networks where all stakeholders see merit in their association with and support for a business. In this instance, it is likely that the stakeholders were deemed to be important in the future direction of CSR in the region, and this was the reason that stakeholders were chosen as source of data. The author mentioned that these interviews conducted in 2004 and 2005 may no longer be relevant, since there were major developments in 2008. This might have made the interviews slightly outdated however; there should not be many changes to the overall aims of the stakeholders and thus the outcomes of this research would remain valid. However, as an alternative, the author could have applied longitudinal design which represents a distinct form of research design than is typically used to map change in business and management research (Bryman and Bell, 2007:60). The longitudinal design would not only serve the purpose of this study, but it would also allow insights into the factors that cause change to the perception. With this sample, it is possible to use cohort study, whereby the cohort is made up of people who share a certain characteristics (Bryman and Bell, 2007:61), since the stakeholders have a stake in the garment industry. However, longitudinal research may require a lot mor e preparation, could be time-consuming and thus it could be more costly. 3.4 Data Collection With regards to the methodology, the interview questions that were used for this research was not provided. As this was a semi-structured interview, it would have been useful if the author had provided general information on how the questions were formed, and the structure of the interview questions as this would provide an indication of the depth of the interviews, and hence the validity of the research design. For the sample, 25 representatives from academia, the business organisations, the non-government organisations, trade association, and government officials were identified. The response rate was 84%, in which 21 out of a total of 25 representatives of these organisations agreed to be interviewed. It was mentioned that the reason for such a high response rate, was that the author had contacted the interviewees on a one-to-one basis. Furthermore, the interviewees were also guaranteed anonymity. The sample, thus, appears to be extensive and is representative of the various stakeholders that are vital in the garment industry. 3.5 Alternative Method The intention was that the findings would help in building consensus, strengthening the implementation and establishing the future CSR framework (Tsoi, 2007:1). The author might have meant that having collected all the different views from these stakeholders, the author would be able to determine the consensus of how CSR should be developed and how CSR should be like in the future. However, it is doubtful that a consensus could have been obtained using this method of analysis. The interviewees, although were representative of the garment industry, each one a vital stakeholder, there was no real interaction between these stakeholders, and thus, the consensus that is meant is only based on the researchers understanding from the interviewees responses. Stakeholders are thought to be able to reach a better compromise through discourse, with different sides arguing for the validity of their point as well as ensuring that the interests of the group or association that they represent are ta ken account of (Bryman and Bell, 2007:511). While it is understandable, that there is a strong possibility that it could be costly to get all the interviewees to sit together through a discourse, nevertheless there are alternatives which might be more useful for the purpose of this investigation, given that the objective is to reach a consensus amongst the stakeholders. With this reasoning, the research design could improve by firstly conveying the findings of the interviews to all of the stakeholders interviewed, and follow up with another interview to see if there were changes to their views. Alternatively, the author could use the method of focus group interviews. With this method, Merton et al. (1956) (in Bryman and Bell, 2007:511) stated that the accent is upon interaction within the group and the joint construction of meaning. Focus group interviews could provide a platform for the interviewees to interact and to establish a joint construction of what it means to strengthen CSR and also determine what future scenarios should and could be like. With regards to selecting a suitable size for the focus group, it is recommended by Bryman and Bell (2007:517) that the typical group size should be six to ten members, whilst Sekaran (2003:220) recommends a size of eight to twelve members. The reason that the focus group interview method was recommended was that the interviewees would be encouraged to express their opinions argumentatively, which would then allow the researcher to gauge the degree of importance of certain issues and how much flexibility the interviewees might h ave to reach a compromise with others. There are of course possible pitfalls using the focus group method, in that some interviewees might be dominant over others, and thus the opinions of those less dominant might not be heard, but these effects can be reduced to a minimum level by having a good moderator (in Bryman and Bell, 2007:511). The one-to-one interview method could still be more advantageous compared with the focus group interview, as the time and monetary costs of conducting a one-to-one interview would probably be considerably less and thus be more manageable especially if there was only one researcher, as was with this case study. In this case study, it seemed that a quantitative design would actually be difficult to apply, and it would also be inappropriate for an investigation on the perception of CSR as a business concern. Taking the example of using a questionnaire survey with closed-ended questions, it is very likely that the respondents would answer that they are very concerned about CSR, as that might be perceived as the correct response, thus creating social desirability bias to the results. Furthermore, with a questionnaire survey, the researcher would not be able to pin-point all the various future scenarios for CSR in Hong Kong and Mainland China, even if it was possible, the list of future scenarios might be too long to be practically manageable. Another issue would be that in making assumptions of the future scenarios that are deemed significant to the stakeholders, it would be problematic as the researcher might risk missing out relevant information. Therefore, it would be difficult, from these r easons, that a quantitative design would not be suitable for such a case study. Conclusions In summary, the two papers reflect significant differences in their research approach. This was seen through the objectives of the research, the underlying assumptions of the research philosophy and the conceptualisation of research design and the data collection. There is certainly much to learn from these two research papers, both had given valuable information on the differences between quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as offer guidance on the selection of research method and how to go about utilising these methods. The research designs, as shown in these papers, are dependent of the research objectives and the designs are also influenced by the epistemological and ontological assumptions made. Even though the philosophical positions of the researchers were not made explicit, however, the likely positions can be assumed. These papers have also shown that the advantages and the disadvantages of the different methods of investigation, and they need to be considered to e nsure that the best method is chosen for the purpose of the research. 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